I am working on a project using the Pattern Generator and Logic Analyzer functions of Analog Discovery 2.
I'm trying to figure out the proper arrangements of bits to be assigned to the Pattern Generator so that the Logic Analyzer can receive it in UART format properly.
Let's say I want to transmit the word "UART" using the Pattern Generator. Here's how I'm doing it using the Custom Signal setting in the Pattern Generator:
The bits highlighted in green are the start and stop bits while those in yellow are the inverted data bits of the word "UART".
I also adjusted the Run and Repeat time to only transmit it once. (40/9600 = 0.004166666)
I transmitted it to the Logic Analyzer and it was able to receive it using the UART setting.
The problem that I see with this is if you want to transmit a single character, you'll need 10 bits for it. For big data, it will take too long to be received by the Logic Analyzer.
I was wondering if the Pattern Generator can be set up like this: 1 start bit + (32 Data bits of "UART") + 1 stop bit
This reduces the no. of bits by only using the start and stop bits at the beginning and at the end of the data to be transmitted.
I tried doing this by rearranging the bits, the run time and repeat settings in the Pattern Generator:
The results that I got using the Logic Analyzer became incorrect for the next characters:
I'm also trying to do it in VB. Here's the code for it:
Imports System.Text
Module Module1
Function AD2_UARTCommRead(ByVal hdwf As Integer, ByRef rgData() As Byte, ByVal countOfDataBytes As Integer, ByVal hzRate As Integer, ByVal hzUart As Integer, ByVal pin As Integer, ByRef rgParsed As String, ByRef rgLength As Integer) As Integer
'Customized Uart Decoder
Dim pData As Boolean
Dim fData As Boolean : fData = True
Dim cSamples As Integer : cSamples = rgData.Length
Dim rgHex(cSamples) As Byte
Dim cSamplePerBit As Integer : cSamplePerBit = hzRate / hzUart
'Decoding Raw Samples into Decimal
For i = 0 To cSamples - 1
Dim s As Byte : s = rgData(i)
pData = fData
fData = 1 And (s >> pin)
If pData <> 0 And fData = 0 Then
Dim bValue As Integer : bValue = 0
For b = 0 To 7
Dim ii As Double : ii = Math.Round(i + (1.499 + b) * cSamplePerBit) '''''
If ii >= cSamples Then
Exit For
End If
s = rgData(ii)
fData = 1 And (s >> pin)
If fData Then
bValue = bValue + (1 << b)
End If
Next
rgHex(i) = bValue
i = i + cSamplePerBit * 9.499 - 1 '1 start + 8 bits + 0.5 stop -1 because For will increment
End If
Next
'Converting Decimal to ASCII
Dim rgString As String
For e = 0 To cSamples - 1
If rgHex(e) = 0 Then
rgString = rgString
Else
rgString = rgString + Chr(rgHex(e))
End If
Next e
rgParsed = rgString
rgLength = Len(rgParsed)
End Function
Function AD2_FDwfDigitalOutDataLong(ByVal Hdwf As Integer, ByVal IdxChannel As Integer,
ByRef RgLong As String, ByVal LongBits As Integer) As Integer
'Post Processing Method
'Conversion of ASCII String to Binary
Dim Text As String : Text = RgLong
Dim n As Integer : n = Len(Text)
Dim oReturn As New StringBuilder
Dim StartBit As String : StartBit = "0"
Dim StopBit As String : StopBit = "1"
oReturn.Append(StartBit)
For Each Character As Byte In System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Text)
oReturn.Append(StrReverse(Convert.ToString(Character, 2).PadLeft(8, "0")))
'oReturn.Append((Convert.ToString(Character, 2).PadLeft(8, "0")))
Next
oReturn.Append(StopBit)
Dim Text2 As String : Text2 = (oReturn.ToString)
'Padding of Additional 1s
Dim Counter As Integer : Counter = Len(Text2)
Dim PadMod As Integer : PadMod = (Counter + (Counter + (Counter Mod 8))) Mod 8
Dim PadBin As String : PadBin = New String("1", PadMod)
Text2 = Text2 + PadBin
Dim PadResult As Integer : PadResult = Counter + PadMod
'Chunking of Bits into 8
Dim RevBytes(PadResult) As String
For e As Integer = 0 To RevBytes.Length - 8 Step 8
RevBytes(e) = Text2.Substring(e, 8)
Next e
Dim backup As String
Dim Extracted(PadResult) As String
Dim TxBits(PadResult) As Byte
Dim f As Integer, x As Integer
Dim lTemp As Integer : lTemp = 0
Dim lngValue As Integer
'Inverting and Conversion of Bits
For f = 0 To RevBytes.Length
backup = StrReverse(RevBytes(8 * f))
If backup = "" Then Extracted(f) = "0"
Extracted(f) = Extracted(f) & backup
'Conversion of Binary to Decimal
lngValue = Convert.ToInt32(Extracted(f), 2)
TxBits(f) = lngValue
lngValue = 0
If TxBits(f) = 0 Then Exit For
Next f
Call FDwfDigitalOutDataSet(Hdwf, IdxChannel, TxBits, PadResult)
End Function
Sub Main()
Dim hdwf As Long
' 3 = 4th device configuration of AD2 with 16k digital-in/out buffer
If FDwfDeviceConfigOpen(-1, 3, hdwf) = False Then
Dim szError As String
FDwfGetLastErrorMsg(szError)
System.Console.WriteLine("Device open failed" & vbCrLf & szError, vbExclamation + vbOKOnly)
End
End If
FDwfDeviceAutoConfigureSet(hdwf, 0) ' only the #Configure functions will apply settings
' UART channels: DIO-0 and DIO-1, h3 = (1 << 0)|(1 << 1)
Const nLoop = 744
Const fsDio = &HFFFF
Const hzUart = 230400
Const hzRate = hzUart * 1 '''''
Const cSamples = 8 * 4 'RgLong is 4 characters
Dim cBuffer As Integer
Dim RgLong As String : RgLong = "UART"
Dim secRun As Double : secRun = (Len(RgLong) * 8) * (1 / hzUart)
Dim phzFreq As Double
'PatGen Parameters - Initialized One Time
FDwfDigitalOutInternalClockInfo(hdwf, phzFreq)
FDwfDigitalOutRepeatSet(hdwf, 1)
FDwfDigitalOutRunSet(hdwf, secRun)
'Enabling DIO-0
FDwfDigitalOutEnableSet(hdwf, 0, 1)
FDwfDigitalOutTypeSet(hdwf, 0, 1)
FDwfDigitalOutIdleSet(hdwf, 0, 2)
FDwfDigitalOutDividerSet(hdwf, 0, (phzFreq / hzUart))
Dim hzDI As Double
FDwfDigitalInInternalClockInfo(hdwf, hzDI)
FDwfDigitalInTriggerSourceSet(hdwf, trigsrcDetectorDigitalIn) '
'Falling Edge of any specified channel
FDwfDigitalInTriggerSet(hdwf, 0, 0, 0, fsDio)
FDwfDigitalInDividerSet(hdwf, hzDI / hzRate)
FDwfDigitalInSampleFormatSet(hdwf, 8)
FDwfDigitalInBufferSizeInfo(hdwf, cBuffer)
If cSamples > cBuffer Then '
FDwfDigitalInAcquisitionModeSet(hdwf, acqmodeRecord)
FDwfDigitalInTriggerPrefillSet(hdwf, 0)
'Number of samples after trigger
FDwfDigitalInTriggerPositionSet(hdwf, cSamples)
'We are interested only on toggles of the specified channels
FDwfDigitalInSampleSensibleSet(hdwf, fsDio)
Else
FDwfDigitalInBufferSizeSet(hdwf, cSamples)
FDwfDigitalInTriggerPositionSet(hdwf, cSamples - 10)
End If
'Processing Data for Transmission
AD2_FDwfDigitalOutDataLong(hdwf, 0, RgLong, 510)
'Data needs to be tested for 744 times
Dim StartTime As Double
Dim SecondsElapsed As Double
'Measuring Test Time
StartTime = Timer
If cSamples <= cBuffer Then ' prime for repeated captures
FDwfDigitalInConfigure(hdwf, 1, 1) ' it will rearm for consecutive iterations
FDwfDigitalOutConfigure(hdwf, 1)
End If
For i = 0 To nLoop - 1
Dim rgData(cSamples) As Byte
Dim sts As Byte
Dim fOverflow As Boolean = False
Dim iSample As Integer = 0
If cSamples > cBuffer Then ' record
FDwfDigitalInConfigure(hdwf, 1, 1) ' restart is only required for record
FDwfDigitalOutConfigure(hdwf, 1)
Dim cAvailable As Integer
Dim cLost As Integer
Dim cCorrupted As Integer
While iSample < cSamples
If FDwfDigitalInStatus(hdwf, 1, sts) = 0 Then
Return
End If
If sts = DwfStateDone Or sts = DwfStateTriggered Then
FDwfDigitalInStatusRecord(hdwf, cAvailable, cLost, cCorrupted)
If cLost <> 0 Or cCorrupted <> 0 Then
fOverflow = True
End If
cAvailable = Math.Min(cAvailable, cSamples - iSample)
Dim rgTemp(cAvailable) As Byte
' in other programming languages use pass pointer to rgData[iSample]
FDwfDigitalInStatusData(hdwf, rgTemp, 1 * cAvailable)
For l = 0 To cAvailable - 1
rgData(iSample) = rgTemp(i)
iSample += 1
Next
End If
If sts = DwfStateDone Then
Exit While
End If
End While
Else
While True
If FDwfDigitalInStatus(hdwf, 1, sts) = 0 Then
Return
End If
If sts = DwfStateDone Then
Exit While
End If
End While
iSample = rgData.Length
FDwfDigitalInStatusData(hdwf, rgData, 1 * rgData.Length)
If i < nLoop - 1 Then
FDwfDigitalOutConfigure(hdwf, 1) ' start next while processing data below
End If
End If
Dim DIO0Used As Long : DIO0Used = 2 'DIO #2
Dim DIO0Mesg As String : DIO0Mesg = ""
Dim DIO0Length As Long
AD2_UARTCommRead(hdwf, rgData, (1 * cSamples), hzRate, hzUart, DIO0Used, DIO0Mesg, DIO0Length)
Next i
'*****************************
'Determine how many seconds code took to run
'Notify user in seconds
SecondsElapsed = Math.Round(Timer - StartTime, 6)
Console.WriteLine("This code ran successfully in " & SecondsElapsed & " seconds.\n")
Console.WriteLine((nLoop) & " x" & (1000 * SecondsElapsed / nLoop) & "ms loop latency:" & (1000 * (SecondsElapsed / nLoop - cSamples / hzRate)) & "ms")
FDwfDeviceCloseAll()
End Sub
End Module
Can anyone please explain why this is the case? Any advice will do.
Question
Lesiastas
Greetings,
I am working on a project using the Pattern Generator and Logic Analyzer functions of Analog Discovery 2.
I'm trying to figure out the proper arrangements of bits to be assigned to the Pattern Generator so that the Logic Analyzer can receive it in UART format properly.
Let's say I want to transmit the word "UART" using the Pattern Generator. Here's how I'm doing it using the Custom Signal setting in the Pattern Generator:
The bits highlighted in green are the start and stop bits while those in yellow are the inverted data bits of the word "UART".
I also adjusted the Run and Repeat time to only transmit it once. (40/9600 = 0.004166666)
I transmitted it to the Logic Analyzer and it was able to receive it using the UART setting.
The problem that I see with this is if you want to transmit a single character, you'll need 10 bits for it. For big data, it will take too long to be received by the Logic Analyzer.
I was wondering if the Pattern Generator can be set up like this:
1 start bit + (32 Data bits of "UART") + 1 stop bit
This reduces the no. of bits by only using the start and stop bits at the beginning and at the end of the data to be transmitted.
I tried doing this by rearranging the bits, the run time and repeat settings in the Pattern Generator:
The results that I got using the Logic Analyzer became incorrect for the next characters:
I'm also trying to do it in VB. Here's the code for it:
Imports System.Text Module Module1 Function AD2_UARTCommRead(ByVal hdwf As Integer, ByRef rgData() As Byte, ByVal countOfDataBytes As Integer, ByVal hzRate As Integer, ByVal hzUart As Integer, ByVal pin As Integer, ByRef rgParsed As String, ByRef rgLength As Integer) As Integer 'Customized Uart Decoder Dim pData As Boolean Dim fData As Boolean : fData = True Dim cSamples As Integer : cSamples = rgData.Length Dim rgHex(cSamples) As Byte Dim cSamplePerBit As Integer : cSamplePerBit = hzRate / hzUart 'Decoding Raw Samples into Decimal For i = 0 To cSamples - 1 Dim s As Byte : s = rgData(i) pData = fData fData = 1 And (s >> pin) If pData <> 0 And fData = 0 Then Dim bValue As Integer : bValue = 0 For b = 0 To 7 Dim ii As Double : ii = Math.Round(i + (1.499 + b) * cSamplePerBit) ''''' If ii >= cSamples Then Exit For End If s = rgData(ii) fData = 1 And (s >> pin) If fData Then bValue = bValue + (1 << b) End If Next rgHex(i) = bValue i = i + cSamplePerBit * 9.499 - 1 '1 start + 8 bits + 0.5 stop -1 because For will increment End If Next 'Converting Decimal to ASCII Dim rgString As String For e = 0 To cSamples - 1 If rgHex(e) = 0 Then rgString = rgString Else rgString = rgString + Chr(rgHex(e)) End If Next e rgParsed = rgString rgLength = Len(rgParsed) End Function Function AD2_FDwfDigitalOutDataLong(ByVal Hdwf As Integer, ByVal IdxChannel As Integer, ByRef RgLong As String, ByVal LongBits As Integer) As Integer 'Post Processing Method 'Conversion of ASCII String to Binary Dim Text As String : Text = RgLong Dim n As Integer : n = Len(Text) Dim oReturn As New StringBuilder Dim StartBit As String : StartBit = "0" Dim StopBit As String : StopBit = "1" oReturn.Append(StartBit) For Each Character As Byte In System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Text) oReturn.Append(StrReverse(Convert.ToString(Character, 2).PadLeft(8, "0"))) 'oReturn.Append((Convert.ToString(Character, 2).PadLeft(8, "0"))) Next oReturn.Append(StopBit) Dim Text2 As String : Text2 = (oReturn.ToString) 'Padding of Additional 1s Dim Counter As Integer : Counter = Len(Text2) Dim PadMod As Integer : PadMod = (Counter + (Counter + (Counter Mod 8))) Mod 8 Dim PadBin As String : PadBin = New String("1", PadMod) Text2 = Text2 + PadBin Dim PadResult As Integer : PadResult = Counter + PadMod 'Chunking of Bits into 8 Dim RevBytes(PadResult) As String For e As Integer = 0 To RevBytes.Length - 8 Step 8 RevBytes(e) = Text2.Substring(e, 8) Next e Dim backup As String Dim Extracted(PadResult) As String Dim TxBits(PadResult) As Byte Dim f As Integer, x As Integer Dim lTemp As Integer : lTemp = 0 Dim lngValue As Integer 'Inverting and Conversion of Bits For f = 0 To RevBytes.Length backup = StrReverse(RevBytes(8 * f)) If backup = "" Then Extracted(f) = "0" Extracted(f) = Extracted(f) & backup 'Conversion of Binary to Decimal lngValue = Convert.ToInt32(Extracted(f), 2) TxBits(f) = lngValue lngValue = 0 If TxBits(f) = 0 Then Exit For Next f Call FDwfDigitalOutDataSet(Hdwf, IdxChannel, TxBits, PadResult) End Function Sub Main() Dim hdwf As Long ' 3 = 4th device configuration of AD2 with 16k digital-in/out buffer If FDwfDeviceConfigOpen(-1, 3, hdwf) = False Then Dim szError As String FDwfGetLastErrorMsg(szError) System.Console.WriteLine("Device open failed" & vbCrLf & szError, vbExclamation + vbOKOnly) End End If FDwfDeviceAutoConfigureSet(hdwf, 0) ' only the #Configure functions will apply settings ' UART channels: DIO-0 and DIO-1, h3 = (1 << 0)|(1 << 1) Const nLoop = 744 Const fsDio = &HFFFF Const hzUart = 230400 Const hzRate = hzUart * 1 ''''' Const cSamples = 8 * 4 'RgLong is 4 characters Dim cBuffer As Integer Dim RgLong As String : RgLong = "UART" Dim secRun As Double : secRun = (Len(RgLong) * 8) * (1 / hzUart) Dim phzFreq As Double 'PatGen Parameters - Initialized One Time FDwfDigitalOutInternalClockInfo(hdwf, phzFreq) FDwfDigitalOutRepeatSet(hdwf, 1) FDwfDigitalOutRunSet(hdwf, secRun) 'Enabling DIO-0 FDwfDigitalOutEnableSet(hdwf, 0, 1) FDwfDigitalOutTypeSet(hdwf, 0, 1) FDwfDigitalOutIdleSet(hdwf, 0, 2) FDwfDigitalOutDividerSet(hdwf, 0, (phzFreq / hzUart)) Dim hzDI As Double FDwfDigitalInInternalClockInfo(hdwf, hzDI) FDwfDigitalInTriggerSourceSet(hdwf, trigsrcDetectorDigitalIn) ' 'Falling Edge of any specified channel FDwfDigitalInTriggerSet(hdwf, 0, 0, 0, fsDio) FDwfDigitalInDividerSet(hdwf, hzDI / hzRate) FDwfDigitalInSampleFormatSet(hdwf, 8) FDwfDigitalInBufferSizeInfo(hdwf, cBuffer) If cSamples > cBuffer Then ' FDwfDigitalInAcquisitionModeSet(hdwf, acqmodeRecord) FDwfDigitalInTriggerPrefillSet(hdwf, 0) 'Number of samples after trigger FDwfDigitalInTriggerPositionSet(hdwf, cSamples) 'We are interested only on toggles of the specified channels FDwfDigitalInSampleSensibleSet(hdwf, fsDio) Else FDwfDigitalInBufferSizeSet(hdwf, cSamples) FDwfDigitalInTriggerPositionSet(hdwf, cSamples - 10) End If 'Processing Data for Transmission AD2_FDwfDigitalOutDataLong(hdwf, 0, RgLong, 510) 'Data needs to be tested for 744 times Dim StartTime As Double Dim SecondsElapsed As Double 'Measuring Test Time StartTime = Timer If cSamples <= cBuffer Then ' prime for repeated captures FDwfDigitalInConfigure(hdwf, 1, 1) ' it will rearm for consecutive iterations FDwfDigitalOutConfigure(hdwf, 1) End If For i = 0 To nLoop - 1 Dim rgData(cSamples) As Byte Dim sts As Byte Dim fOverflow As Boolean = False Dim iSample As Integer = 0 If cSamples > cBuffer Then ' record FDwfDigitalInConfigure(hdwf, 1, 1) ' restart is only required for record FDwfDigitalOutConfigure(hdwf, 1) Dim cAvailable As Integer Dim cLost As Integer Dim cCorrupted As Integer While iSample < cSamples If FDwfDigitalInStatus(hdwf, 1, sts) = 0 Then Return End If If sts = DwfStateDone Or sts = DwfStateTriggered Then FDwfDigitalInStatusRecord(hdwf, cAvailable, cLost, cCorrupted) If cLost <> 0 Or cCorrupted <> 0 Then fOverflow = True End If cAvailable = Math.Min(cAvailable, cSamples - iSample) Dim rgTemp(cAvailable) As Byte ' in other programming languages use pass pointer to rgData[iSample] FDwfDigitalInStatusData(hdwf, rgTemp, 1 * cAvailable) For l = 0 To cAvailable - 1 rgData(iSample) = rgTemp(i) iSample += 1 Next End If If sts = DwfStateDone Then Exit While End If End While Else While True If FDwfDigitalInStatus(hdwf, 1, sts) = 0 Then Return End If If sts = DwfStateDone Then Exit While End If End While iSample = rgData.Length FDwfDigitalInStatusData(hdwf, rgData, 1 * rgData.Length) If i < nLoop - 1 Then FDwfDigitalOutConfigure(hdwf, 1) ' start next while processing data below End If End If Dim DIO0Used As Long : DIO0Used = 2 'DIO #2 Dim DIO0Mesg As String : DIO0Mesg = "" Dim DIO0Length As Long AD2_UARTCommRead(hdwf, rgData, (1 * cSamples), hzRate, hzUart, DIO0Used, DIO0Mesg, DIO0Length) Next i '***************************** 'Determine how many seconds code took to run 'Notify user in seconds SecondsElapsed = Math.Round(Timer - StartTime, 6) Console.WriteLine("This code ran successfully in " & SecondsElapsed & " seconds.\n") Console.WriteLine((nLoop) & " x" & (1000 * SecondsElapsed / nLoop) & "ms loop latency:" & (1000 * (SecondsElapsed / nLoop - cSamples / hzRate)) & "ms") FDwfDeviceCloseAll() End Sub End ModuleCan anyone please explain why this is the case? Any advice will do.
Best regards,
Lesiastas
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